{"id":2577,"date":"2025-05-27T12:52:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T10:52:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?p=2577"},"modified":"2025-06-13T11:05:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T09:05:22","slug":"nucli-galactic-actiu-agn-lectura-facil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?p=2577","title":{"rendered":"Nucli gal\u00e0ctic actiu (AGN) &#8211; lectura f\u00e0cil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Nucli gal\u00e0ctic actiu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Els astr\u00f2noms creuen que quasi totes les <strong>gal\u00e0xies grans <\/strong>tenen al seu centre un <strong>forat negre supermassiu<\/strong>. Estos forats negres tenen milions de vegades la massa del nostre Sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">No podem vore el forat negre amb un telescopi, perqu\u00e8 <strong>no emet llum<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 s\u00ed que podem vore el <strong>material que est\u00e0 caiguent <\/strong>cap a ell. Este material <strong>emet llum <\/strong>abans de caure dins del forat negre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">El forat negre no sempre est\u00e0 tragant mat\u00e8ria. De vegades no li cau res. Per\u00f2 altres vegades, alguna <strong>estrella <\/strong>o <strong>un altre objecte <\/strong>passa a prop i \u00e9s <strong>engolit <\/strong>pel forat negre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Quan aix\u00f2 passa, diguem que el <strong>nucli de la gal\u00e0xia est\u00e0 actiu<\/strong>. Aix\u00f2 ocorre perqu\u00e8 el forat negre <strong>devora mat\u00e8ria<\/strong>. Esta mat\u00e8ria brilla molt just abans de caure m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de l<strong>&#8216;horitz\u00f3 de successos <\/strong>(la frontera del forat negre de la qual res pot escapar, ni tan sols la llum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Gr\u00e0cies a esta llum, els astr\u00f2noms saben que hi ha un forat negre al centre de la gal\u00e0xia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">El model unificat dels AGN<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Un <strong>AGN <\/strong>\u00e9s un <strong>nucli gal\u00e0ctic actiu <\/strong>(per les seves sigles en angl\u00e8s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">El model m\u00e9s acceptat hui en dia diu que diversos objectes de l&#8217;espai, que tenen <strong>noms diferents<\/strong>, en realitat s\u00f3n <strong>el mateix<\/strong>, per\u00f2 vistos des de <strong>diferents angles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Un AGN t\u00e9 diverses parts:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-df5eba\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Un <strong>forat negre supermassiu <\/strong>al centre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Un <strong>disc de material <\/strong>que gira molt r\u00e0pid al seu voltant. Este disc s&#8217;anomena <strong>disc d&#8217;acreci\u00f3<\/strong>. Es calfa molt i emet llum que podem vore amb telescopis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Dos <strong>jets <\/strong>de mat\u00e8ria i energia eixen pels pols del forat negre, com un fas de llum i part\u00edcules.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Al voltant del disc, hi ha un anell gros de pols, que es diu <strong>tor<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Segons el model, podem vore diferents coses segons la posici\u00f3 de l&#8217;AGN respecte a nosaltres:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-8a2621\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Si vegem <strong>tot l&#8217;AGN<\/strong>, l&#8217;anomenem <strong>qu\u00e0sar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Si vegem <strong>l&#8217;anell de pols <\/strong>i els jets, l&#8217;anomenem <strong>gal\u00e0xia Seyfert<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Si vegem <strong>nom\u00e9s un jet <\/strong>que apunta cap a nosaltres, l&#8217;anomenem <strong>bl\u00e0zar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">El model 3D<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Este objecte mostra com <strong>pensem <\/strong>que \u00e9s un <strong>nucli gal\u00e0ctic actiu<\/strong>, perqu\u00e8 <strong>mai n&#8217;hem vist un directament<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-d99086\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Al centre est\u00e0 el <strong>forat negre supermassiu <\/strong>(una esfera en el model).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Des del forat negre eixen dos <strong>jets de material <\/strong>cap amunt i cap avall.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Envoltant el forat negre, hi ha un <strong>disc en espiral<\/strong>: \u00e9s el <strong>disc d&#8217;acreci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">M\u00e9s enll\u00e0, envoltant el disc, hi ha el <strong>tor de pols<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">El model 3D no est\u00e0 <strong>a escala real<\/strong>. Les mides s&#8217;han ajustat perqu\u00e8 siga m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil d&#8217;entendre. En realitat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Els jets poden arribar a ser <strong>milions de vegades m\u00e9s llargs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">El disc d&#8217;acreci\u00f3 \u00e9s <strong>100 a 1000 vegades m\u00e9s gran <\/strong>que el forat negre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">El tor \u00e9s <strong>1000 a 10 000 vegades m\u00e9s gran <\/strong>que el disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Este treball ha sigut realitzat amb una ajuda de la convocat\u00f2ria de Projectes R+D+i \u201cProves de Concepte\u201d 2022 (PDC2022), finan\u00e7ada per la Uni\u00f3 Europea a trav\u00e9s dels Fons NextGenerationEU, Pla de Recuperaci\u00f3, Transformaci\u00f3 i Resili\u00e8ncia. Refer\u00e8ncia: PDC2022-133930-I00.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-b3495e\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<a class=\"gb-button gb-button-57382cc1 gb-button-text\" href=\"https:\/\/sirio.uv.es:9091\/sharing\/xVdCwV7nd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Descarrega el model<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:67px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-text-color has-link-color has-heading-font-family has-medium-font-size has-custom-font eplus-wrapper wp-elements-5730e9fed40bf68dd92ae159764cd928 eplus-styles-uid-cfa858\" style=\"color:#90f808;font-family:heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?page_id=405\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"405\">M\u00e9s not\u00edcies<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un AGN \u00e9s un nucli gal\u00e0ctic actiu (per les seves sigles en angl\u00e8s).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[106,107,108],"class_list":["post-2577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-lectura-facil","tag-agn","tag-forats-negres","tag-nucli-galactic-actiu"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/AGN-color-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2577"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2868,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2577\/revisions\/2868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}