{"id":2480,"date":"2025-05-20T09:50:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T07:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?p=2480"},"modified":"2025-06-13T10:28:00","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T08:28:00","slug":"el-grupo-local-de-galaxias-lectura-facil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?p=2480","title":{"rendered":"El Grupo Local de galaxias &#8211; lectura f\u00e1cil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los grupos de galaxias?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Un&nbsp;<strong>grupo de galaxias<\/strong>&nbsp;es un conjunto de galaxias que est\u00e1n&nbsp;<strong>cerca unas de otras<\/strong>.<br>Estas galaxias est\u00e1n unidas por la&nbsp;<strong>gravedad<\/strong>.<br>En un grupo puede haber&nbsp;<strong>hasta 50 galaxias<\/strong>.<br>Ocupan una zona del espacio de&nbsp;<strong>unos pocos millones de a\u00f1os luz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el Grupo Local?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">El&nbsp;<strong>Grupo Local<\/strong>&nbsp;es el grupo de galaxias donde est\u00e1 nuestra galaxia, la&nbsp;<strong>V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea<\/strong>.<br>Todas las galaxias del Grupo Local est\u00e1n unidas por la gravedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">El Grupo Local tiene un di\u00e1metro de unos&nbsp;<strong>10 millones de a\u00f1os luz<\/strong>.<br>Forma parte de una estructura mayor llamada&nbsp;<strong>superc\u00famulo de Virgo<\/strong>.<br>Este superc\u00famulo est\u00e1 dentro del superc\u00famulo de&nbsp;<strong>Laniakea<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">En nuestro&nbsp;<strong>modelo 3D de la telara\u00f1a c\u00f3smica<\/strong>, se puede ver Laniakea y otros superc\u00famulos cercanos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Las galaxias m\u00e1s importantes del Grupo Local<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La&nbsp;<strong>galaxia m\u00e1s grande<\/strong>&nbsp;del Grupo Local es&nbsp;<strong>Andr\u00f3meda<\/strong>.<br>Tambi\u00e9n se llama&nbsp;<strong>M31<\/strong>.<br>Tiene un tama\u00f1o de unos&nbsp;<strong>152.000 a\u00f1os luz<\/strong><br>y contiene aproximadamente&nbsp;<strong>1 bill\u00f3n de estrellas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La&nbsp;<strong>segunda galaxia m\u00e1s grande<\/strong>&nbsp;es la&nbsp;<strong>V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea<\/strong>.<br>Tiene unos&nbsp;<strong>90.000 a\u00f1os luz de di\u00e1metro<\/strong><br>y alrededor de&nbsp;<strong>200.000 millones de estrellas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Tanto Andr\u00f3meda como la V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea son&nbsp;<strong>galaxias espirales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Las galaxias sat\u00e9lite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Cerca de estas dos galaxias grandes hay&nbsp;<strong>galaxias m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as<\/strong>.<br>Estas se llaman&nbsp;<strong>galaxias sat\u00e9lite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La mayor\u00eda de estas galaxias sat\u00e9lite son de tipo&nbsp;<strong>esferoidal o irregular<\/strong>.<br>Entre las m\u00e1s grandes que giran alrededor de la V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea est\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-family:heading\" class=\" wp-block-list has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-db7de1\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">La\u00a0<strong>Gran Nube de Magallanes<\/strong>\u00a0(forma espiral).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">La\u00a0<strong>Peque\u00f1a Nube de Magallanes<\/strong>\u00a0(forma irregular).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">La <strong>galaxia enana de Sagitario<\/strong> (forma el\u00edptica)<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 pasar\u00e1 con el Grupo Local?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea y Andr\u00f3meda se est\u00e1n&nbsp;<strong>acercando<\/strong>.<br>Van a una velocidad de&nbsp;<strong>123 kil\u00f3metros por segundo<\/strong>.<br>Por eso, los cient\u00edficos creen que&nbsp;<strong>chocar\u00e1n en unos 4.500 millones de a\u00f1os<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Despu\u00e9s de mucho tiempo, el Grupo Local se convertir\u00e1 en&nbsp;<strong>una sola galaxia el\u00edptica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">El modelo 3D del Grupo Local<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Este modelo 3D muestra las&nbsp;<strong>galaxias m\u00e1s brillantes<\/strong>&nbsp;del Grupo Local.<br>Las posiciones de las galaxias son&nbsp;<strong>reales<\/strong>, seg\u00fan los datos de los astr\u00f3nomos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Las galaxias est\u00e1n colocadas en una&nbsp;<strong>red de materia oscura<\/strong>.<br>Esta red forma el&nbsp;<strong>halo del Grupo Local<\/strong>.<br>El halo&nbsp;<strong>no se muestra completo<\/strong>: hay huecos para que se puedan&nbsp;<strong>tocar las galaxias con las manos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Cada galaxia tiene su forma real:<br>puede ser&nbsp;<strong>espiral, esferoidal o irregular<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 galaxias vemos en el modelo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La galaxia espiral m\u00e1s grande del modelo es&nbsp;<strong>Andr\u00f3meda<\/strong>.<br>Cerca de ella, en&nbsp;<strong>posici\u00f3n casi perpendicular<\/strong>, est\u00e1 la&nbsp;<strong>galaxia del Tri\u00e1ngulo<\/strong>.<br>Es la&nbsp;<strong>tercera galaxia m\u00e1s grande<\/strong>&nbsp;del Grupo Local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Alrededor de Andr\u00f3meda hay muchas&nbsp;<strong>galaxias esferoidales peque\u00f1as<\/strong>, que son sus sat\u00e9lites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">En el&nbsp;<strong>centro del modelo<\/strong>&nbsp;est\u00e1 la&nbsp;<strong>V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea<\/strong>.<br>Tiene forma espiral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Junto a ella est\u00e1n sus&nbsp;<strong>galaxias sat\u00e9lite<\/strong>, incluyendo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La&nbsp;<strong>Peque\u00f1a Nube de Magallanes<\/strong>, con forma irregular.<br>Se reconocen porque tienen&nbsp;<strong>puntas en los extremos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">La&nbsp;<strong>Gran Nube de Magallanes<\/strong>, que tiene forma espiral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\" wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity eplus-wrapper\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Este modelo ha sido creado por:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-family:heading\" class=\" wp-block-list has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-f1bb00\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Emilio Terol<\/strong>\u00a0(Observatorio Astron\u00f3mico de la Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto<\/strong>\u00a0(Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\" has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Se ha hecho con&nbsp;<strong>datos reales<\/strong>&nbsp;de posiciones y distancias de las galaxias del Grupo Local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-info has-heading-font-family has-custom-font eplus-wrapper\" style=\"font-family:heading\">Este trabajo ha sido realizado con una ayuda de la convocatoria de Proyectos I+D+i \u201cPruebas de Concepto\u201d 2022 (PDC2022), financiada por la Uni\u00f3n Europea a trav\u00e9s de los Fondos NextGenerationEU, Plan de Recuperaci\u00f3n, Transformaci\u00f3n y Resiliencia. Referencia: PDC2022-133930-I00.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group eplus-wrapper has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns eplus-wrapper is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex eplus-styles-uid-0f5a14\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<a class=\"gb-button gb-button-57382cc1 gb-button-text\" href=\"https:\/\/sirio.uv.es:9091\/sharing\/aC5hopHEZ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Descarga el modelo<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column eplus-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:67px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" wp-block-spacer eplus-wrapper\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-text-color has-link-color has-heading-font-family has-medium-font-size has-custom-font eplus-wrapper wp-elements-31634f5ac128c4d57f41477d70c47a7e eplus-styles-uid-cfa858\" style=\"color:#90f808;font-family:heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/?page_id=407\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"407\">M\u00e1s noticias<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El\u00a0Grupo Local\u00a0es el grupo de galaxias donde est\u00e1 nuestra galaxia, la\u00a0V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[87,74,80,77],"class_list":["post-2480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-lectura-facil","tag-cumulo-de-galaxias","tag-galaxias","tag-materia-oscura","tag-via-lactea"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Local-Group.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2480"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2836,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2480\/revisions\/2836"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrokit.uv.es\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}